Notes

Part 1 Notes

D. A. Carson and Douglas J. Moo, An Introduction to the New Testament (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 2005), 172.
Kheng Hai Lim, The Symbolism of Water in the Fourth Gospel and Its Soteriological Interpretation (MTh thesis, Laidlaw College, 2018).
R. Alan Culpepper, Anatomy of the Fourth Gospel: A Study in Literary Design (Philadelphia: Fortress Press, 1983), 192.
Definitions of key terms used in John’s Gospel are provided in the Glossary, along with the Bibliography.

Part 2 Notes

Graham N. Stanton, The Gospels and Jesus (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002), 116.
Andreas J. Köstenberger, Encountering John: The Gospel in Historical, Literary, and Theological Perspective (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Academic, 2002), 52.
Andreas J. Köstenberger, John, Baker Exegetical Commentary on the New Testament (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Academic, 2004), 56.
In Baptism in the Early Church: History, Theology, and Liturgy in the First Five Centuries, Everett Ferguson explores the Jewish roots of Christian baptism in Chapter 4, “Jewish Washings, Baptismal Movements, and Proselyte Baptism” (pages 60–82 in some editions). He details how Jewish purification washings and proselyte immersion provided the context for John the Baptist and the early church.
The Qumran community, often linked with the Essenes, was an ascetic and reclusive Jewish sect that lived near the northwestern shore of the Dead Sea from about 150 BC to AD 68. They are best known for producing and preserving the Dead Sea Scrolls, which were later discovered in nearby caves.
A “textual variant” occurs when different ancient manuscripts of the same book have different wording. The majority of variants in John are minor (spelling, word order, or grammar). However, for the major ones, modern translations typically use brackets or footnotes to alert the reader that these sections are not found in the earliest manuscripts.
The Mishnah in Tractate Shabbat (chapter 7 and 10), classifies carrying an object from a house to a street on the Sabbath as a violation of one of the 39 prohibited categories of work. Carrying a mat was prohibited because it was considered a “work.”
Leon Morris, Expository Reflections on the Gospel of John (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Book House, 1988), 261.

Part 3 Notes

Instone-Brewer, Traditions of the Rabbis Vol 2A, 155. Twice in the Gospel, the purification rite for the Passover is mentioned (11:55; 18:28).
Colin G. Kruse, John, Tyndale New Testament Commentaries, vol. 4 (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 2003), 310.
Raymond E. Brown, The Gospel According to John XIII–XXI, Anchor Bible (Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1970), 859.
Robert Kysar, Preaching John (Nashville, TN: Abingdon Press, 1984), 139.
Robert Koester, Symbolism in the Fourth Gospel (Minneapolis, MN: Fortress Press, 1970), 181.
Times of Israel — In a Stone Box, a Rare Trace of Crucifixion
F. F. Bruce, The Gospel of John: Introduction, Exposition, and Notes (Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1983), 401–402.
“Johanan ben Zakkai (d. AD 80, making him a contemporary of John) said something similar: ‘If all heaven were parchment and all trees were pens and all seas were ink, it would not be enough to write down my wisdom which I have learnt from my teacher’ (Soperim 16:8; cited in Str-B 2, 587).” Cited in Colin G. Kruse, John, Tyndale New Testament Commentaries, vol. 4, 389.